By Schombert J.
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Extra resources for Astronomy 123: galaxies and expanding universe (lecture notes)
Example text
Yet ensembles of particles follow probable patterns and are uncertain. Does this come from ignorance of all the trajectories or something deeper in the laws of Nature? Any predictive computation will necessarily contain some input errors because we cannot measure physical quantities to unlimited precision. Note that relative probabilities evolve in a deterministic manner. A statistical theory can remain deterministic. However, macroscopic irreversibility is the manifestation of the randomness of probabilistic processes on a microscopic scale.
The entropy of the whole Universe always increased with time. We are simply a local spot of low entropy and our destiny is linked to the unstoppable increase of disorder in our world => stars will burn out, civilizations will die from lack of power. html (1 of 9) [15-02-2002 22:34:38] entropy Irreversibility: Classical physics is a science upon which our belief in a deterministic, time-reversible description of Nature is based. Classical physics does not include any distinction between the past and the future.
Html (8 of 9) [15-02-2002 22:34:38] entropy has an arrow, a preferred direction. Entropy and the arrow of time are strongly linked. Increasing entropy is in the direction of positive time. However, a study of the components to systems shows that the parts are describable in terms of time-symmetric laws. In other words, the microscopic world is ruled by time-symmetric laws, but the macroscopic world has a particular direction. html (9 of 9) [15-02-2002 22:34:38] wave-particle duality, uncertainity principle Planck's constant: In the early 1900's, German physicist E.